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--- wiki:the-science-and-practice-of-dishwashing [2024/10/24 16:59] – created student
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 Dishwashing, also known as dish cleaning or washing dishes, is the process of removing food residue, grease, and dirt from plates, utensils, cookware, and other kitchenware. It is an essential household task performed either manually using hands or through an automated dishwasher. Dishwashing helps maintain hygiene by preventing the buildup of bacteria and foodborne contaminants. Proper dishwashing techniques ensure cleanliness and prolong the life of kitchen items.
-===== 1. What you`ll need:  =====
+===== 1. What you`ll need: =====
 Proper dishwashing involves the use of specialized cleaning agents, such as detergents or soaps, along with mechanical action provided by tools like sponges, brushes, or scrubbers, rather than relying solely on water. These agents and tools effectively break down grease, remove food particles, and eliminate bacteria, ensuring a higher standard of cleanliness and hygiene. The following is a list of essential tools and materials required for optimal dishwashing efficacy:
-=====1.1. Dish soap=====
+=== 1.1. Dish soap ===
 Dish soap is a powerful warrior in the fight against stubborn grease and grime commonly found on dishes. It's engineered to combat oils and fats, ensuring that your dishes come out free from any lingering residue that could compromise food safety.(Can you use… n.d.)
-{{:wiki:fairybottles.jpg?nolink&200 |}}
+[{{:wiki:fairybottles.jpg?nolink&200 |Dish soap (Ovaska, 2004)}}]
-(Ovaska 2004)
+== Examples of what not to use as a dish soap: ==
+[{{:wiki:front_en.5.400.jpg?200|Hand soap (Liquid Hand, n.d.)}}]
+[{{:wiki:bleach.jpg?nolink&200|Bleach (Clorox Splash-Less, n.d.)}}]
+[{{:wiki:dutch_beers.jpg?nolink&200|Beer (Neimljez, 2005)}}]
+=== 1.2. Sponge or a scrubber ===
+Using a sponge or scrubber is necessary for effective dishwashing because these tools provide the mechanical action required to remove food particles, grease, and biofilms from surfaces. While detergents break down oils and fats, the physical scrubbing action dislodges debris and ensures thorough cleaning. Sponges and scrubbers also increase friction, helping to reach crevices and textured surfaces that water or detergent alone cannot clean. This combination of mechanical action and chemical cleaning ensures higher hygiene standards, reducing the risk of contamination from bacteria and food residues.
+Optimal utilization of a sponge includes periodic disinfection by placing it in a microwave for 30-40 seconds after use. This method effectively reduces microbial load by exposing the sponge to high temperatures, which destroy bacteria and other microorganisms that can proliferate in the moist environment of the sponge. Regular microwave treatment helps mitigate the risk of cross-contamination and ensures that the sponge remains hygienic for future use.
+[{{:wiki:04_219.jpg?nolink&200|Sponge, find a picture of a scrubber yourself (Unisia Sponge, n.d.)}}]
+== Examples of what not to use as a sponge or a scrubber: ==
+[{{:wiki:istockphoto-453943989-612x612.jpg?nolink&200|Hair (Balding problem, n.d.)}}]
+[{{:wiki:hanging-tongue-syndrome.jpg?nolink&200|Tongue, ew (Holliner, 2021)}}]
+[{{ :wiki:download.webp |Hermès Niloticus Crocodile Himalaya Birkin Bag
+(Bishop, 2004)}}]
+=== 1.3. Dish towel or drying rack ===
+After washing, it is crucial to thoroughly dry dishes to inhibit bacterial growth, as moisture provides an ideal environment for microbial proliferation. Proper drying—either by air-drying or using a clean towel—ensures that dishes remain sanitary for future use. Additionally, drying eliminates residual water spots and improves the overall aesthetic and tactile experience for subsequent users, enhancing both hygiene and user satisfaction.
+After you have washed dishes in hot, soapy water, you can use a dish towel to dry them. In general, it’s okay to dry your dishes with a towel as long as the towel you use is clean. The advantage of using a towel is that you can dry dishes thoroughly and quickly, then put them away.
+TIf you decide to air dry your dishes, consider letting them dry on a clean dish towel or a cleaned dish rack. Always check your dish rack to ensure no mold or mildew is starting to grow on it. (Should You… n.d.)
+[{{ :wiki:04fda631d44a626bea2b63e2c58eebf267.rsquare.w600.webp |Dish drying rack, no energy to find a picture of a towel (Wartzman, 2024)}}]
+== Examples of what not to use to dry the dishes: ==
+[{{:wiki:istockphoto-499760351-612x612.jpg?nolink&200|Throwing the dishes (Angry woman, 2014)}}]
+[{{ :wiki:galvanised-square-tubes-for-construction39128823772.webp |Galvanized square steel (Galvanised Square, n.d.)}}]
+[{{:wiki:ru02d6825_lwngr0_780_01.jpg?nolink&200|Rick Owens FW24 Porterville Grilled Kiss 45 In Dark (Owens, 2024)
+}}]
+=== 1.4. Hot water ===
+Cleaning dishes with hot water is optimal due to its enhanced ability to break down grease, oils, and food particles compared to cold water. The increased temperature of hot water lowers the surface tension of oils and fats, making them more soluble and easier to remove. Additionally, hot water accelerates the action of detergents, allowing surfactants to more effectively lift and emulsify food debris and grease from dish surfaces.
+From a microbiological standpoint, hot water is beneficial because higher temperatures can reduce microbial contamination by denaturing proteins in bacteria, thereby inactivating or killing many pathogens. Although hot water alone is not sufficient for sterilization, it significantly enhances the effectiveness of cleaning agents, contributing to a more hygienic result. The improved efficacy of detergents and the reduction of bacterial load make hot water the optimal choice for dishwashing, ensuring both cleanliness and safety.
+==  Examples of what not to use as hot water:==
+[{{:wiki:winter-pour-blog-image.jpg?nolink&200|Wet concrete (5 mistakes, n.d.)}}]
+[{{:wiki:cinder-block_.png?nolink&200|Dry concrete (Concrete block, n.d.)}}]
+[{{ :wiki:istockphoto-1394940158-170667a.webp |Cold water (Have you, 2024)}}]
+===== 2. How to clean dishes step by step =====
+=== 2.1. Preparation ===
+The preparation for dishwashing is an essential step that sets the stage for an efficient and effective cleaning process. After a meal, the first task is to collect all used dishes, utensils, and cookware from around the kitchen, creating a central assembly area for cleaning. Next, food remnants should be scraped off into a trash bin or compost to prevent clogging the sink. For dishes with particularly greasy or stuck-on food, it’s beneficial to soak them in warm, soapy water for a few minutes. This step helps to loosen debris and makes the subsequent washing much easier and more efficient.
+=== 2.2. Dishwashing Process ===
+== 2.2.1. Cleaning Order: ==
+The dishwashing process should commence with the least soiled items, such as glasses, cups, and utensils, progressing to plates, bowls, and finally addressing the greasiest pots and pans. This sequential approach minimizes the transfer of grease and food particles from heavily soiled items to cleaner dishes.
+== 2.2.2. Mechanical Scrubbing: ==
+A sponge or scrubber should be employed to thoroughly cleanse each item, with particular attention given to edges, handles, and the undersides, where residue may accumulate.
+== 2.2.3. Rinsing: ==
+Each item must then be rinsed under clean, hot water to remove any residual soap and dislodged food particles, ensuring thorough cleaning.
+=== 2.3.Drying ===
+== 2.3.1. Air-Drying Method: ==
+Dishes can be placed in a drying rack or on a clean towel to air-dry, which is the most sanitary method. Alternatively, if time constraints exist, a clean dish towel can be utilized for manual drying.
+=== 2.4. Post-Cleaning Maintenance ===
+== 2.4.1 Sink Cleaning: ==
+Upon completion of dishwashing, it is imperative to rinse the sink and wipe it down to eliminate any lingering food particles or soap scum, maintaining hygiene in the washing area.
+**//Tip://** For items with stubborn, stuck-on food, allowing them to soak in hot, soapy water for a few minutes before scrubbing can significantly enhance the cleaning process by loosening the debris
+===== Instructions for Proper Dishwashing: Visual Guidelines =====
+[{{:wiki:piktogrammid.jpg?nolink&400|Easy, right?}}]
+===== Authors note =====
+This is all for shits and giggles. But please wash your dishes nevertheless.[{{:wiki:360_f_292330312_cf7i0fsqw0eon47cmqdq3abjkod2eexh.jpg?nolink&400|Thank You!}}]
+===== Used sources=====
+//Angry woman smashing plates in kitchen stock photo// (2004): [[https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/angry-woman-smashing-plates-in-kitchen-gm499760351-42811954]]
+//Balding problem women loss hair isolated// (n.d.): [[https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/woman-losing-hair-gm453943989-31016916]]
+//Clorox Splash-Less Liquid Bleach, Regular Scent, 77 fl oz// (n.d.): [[https://www.walmart.com/ip/Clorox-Splash-Less-Liquid-Bleach-Cleaner-Regular-Scent-77-fl-oz/883632494]]
+//Concrete Block 12x8x16// (n.d.): [[https://fynoblock.com/product/concrete-block-12x8x16/]]
+//Galvanised Square Tubes For Construction// (n.d.): [[https://pt.baogangsteelpipe.com/galvanized-steel-pipe/galvanised-square-tubes-for-construction.html]]
+//Have You Heard About Cold Water Therapy? More About This Trend// (2024): [[https://iopool.com/en-de/blogs/did-you-know/have-you-heard-about-cold-water-therapy-more-about-this-trend]]
+Hollinger, H. (2021) //Hanging Tongue Syndrome in Dogs:// [[https://wagwalking.com/condition/hanging-tongue-syndrome]]
+//Liquid hand soap-fa// (n.d.): [[https://world-cs.openbeautyfacts.org/product/5012583208785/liquid-hand-soap-fa]]
+Njemlez, (2005) //Not only Dutch beers! Belgian (Affligem, Duvel, Kasteel, Leffe, Hoegaarden, Verboden Vrucht,
+Westmalle, Affligem...), Danish (Carlsberg), Dutch (Hertog Jan, Gulpener...), Irish (Murphy's), German (Beck's, Warsteiner...) beers…:// [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_beers.jpg]]
+Ovaska, K. (2004) //File.FairySoap.jpg//: [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FairyBottles.jpg]]
+Owens, R. (2024) //RICK OWENS FW24 PORTERVILLE GRILLED KISS 45 IN DARK//: [[https://www.rickowens.eu/en/US/men/products/ru02d6825lwngr0-780]]
+//Should You Air Dry or Towel Dry Your Dishes?// (n.d.):[[ https://www.towelsupercenter.com/blog/should-you-air-dry-or-towel-dry-your-dishes/]]
+//Unisia Sponge Scrubber (Set Of 3) Be the first to review this product// (n.d.): [[https://cliff.ae/unisia-sponge-scrubber-set-of-3.html]]
+Wartzman, E. (2024) //The 12 Very Best Dish Racks No more sopping countertops//: [[https://nymag.com/strategist/article/best-dish-racks.html
+]]
-====    Examples of what not to use as a dish soap: ====
-{{:wiki:front_en.5.400.jpg?200|}}
- Hand soap (Liquid Hand, n.d.)
@@ Line 28: / Line 144: @@
-.2.